Pigmentation / Uneven skin tone
Pigmentation refers to the color of the skin, determined by the amount and type of pigment (melanin) produced by melanocytes in the skin. Hyperpigmentation, or the darkening of skin, occurs when there’s an overproduction of melanin, while hypopigmentation, or the lightening of skin, occurs when there’s a loss of melanin.
Common Causes
Sun Exposure: Prolonged sun exposure is a major trigger for hyperpigmentation, leading to conditions like sunspots and freckles.
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as during pregnancy, can cause melasma, a type of hyperpigmentation.
Inflammation: Skin inflammation, whether from acne, injury, or other conditions, can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Medications: Certain medications can also cause changes in skin pigmentation.

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